Varicocele
Did you know men can also develop “varicose veins” — just in a different location?
A varicocele is the abnormal enlargement of veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. While it is often painless, it may cause discomfort and can quietly impact fertility over time.
The good news is that varicoceles are treatable. Modern, minimally invasive procedures can restore normal blood flow and support improved reproductive health.
Read on to learn more about what a varicocele is, its symptoms, and how today’s treatments can help.
What Is a Varicocele?
A varicocele is an abnormal widening of the veins within the scrotum caused by faulty valves that interfere with normal blood flow. This results in blood pooling and increased pressure in the veins around the testicle, most commonly on the left side.
It is one of the leading causes of male infertility, affecting around 15% of men in the general population and nearly 40% of men with fertility concerns.
Signs & Symptoms
Varicocele symptoms usually develop gradually and can vary in severity. While some men have no noticeable symptoms, others may experience discomfort or visible physical changes.
Dull Ache or Heaviness
A persistent ache or dragging sensation in the scrotum, especially after standing for long hours or physical activity.
Visible or Prominent Veins
The scrotal veins may look enlarged or feel like a “bag of worms,” especially noticeable when standing or straining.
Testicular Discomfort
A feeling of warmth, swelling, or imbalance in the scrotum.
Fertility Issues
No Symptoms?
In many men, varicoceles are discovered only during routine checkups or fertility evaluations.
Treatment Options
Treatment is guided by symptom severity and individual fertility goals, with most cases being effectively treated through minimally invasive procedures.
Lifestyle Modifications
Wearing supportive underwear, avoiding prolonged standing, and managing physical strain can reduce discomfort.
Observation
For mild, symptom-free cases, regular monitoring may be sufficient to ensure no progression or fertility impact.
Varicocele Embolization (Minimally Invasive Procedure)
A minimally invasive, image-guided procedure performed through a single puncture, in which the affected vein is sealed using coils or specialized agents. This reroutes blood through healthy veins, easing symptoms and helping preserve testicular function.
- No stitches
- Minimal discomfort
Microsurgical Varicocelectomy
An alternative surgical approach that ties off the enlarged veins through a small incision. Typically used when embolization isn’t feasible.
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