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Vascular Malformation
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Vascular Malformation
Vascular malformations are rare with some types found in less than 1 percent of the population. If you have one, chances are it developed before you were born—many types of vascular malformations don’t cause symptoms until they are triggered by such events as adolescence, pregnancy, or some major surgery, trauma or injury.
Vascular malformations are a result of the abnormal growth and development of a single type of vessel or a combination of vessels. Over the years, malformations can grow larger and become problematic depending on what type(s) of vessel is involved. They can be harmless and minor or very serious, sometimes even life-threatening.
Until recently, medical experts had an insufficient and sometimes haphazard lexicon to describe vascular anomalies, and that resulted in poor communication among doctors and patients alike. While this has largely changed, many people still visit multiple doctors as they seek an accurate diagnosis.
Symptoms?
A brain arteriovenous malformation may not cause any signs or symptoms until the AVM ruptures, resulting in bleeding in the brain (hemorrhage). In about half of all brain AVMs, hemorrhage is the first sign.
But some people with brain AVM may experience signs and symptoms other than bleeding related to the AVM.
Some people may experience more-serious neurological signs and symptoms, depending on the location of the AVM, including:
- Severe headache.
- Weakness, numbness or paralysis.
- Vision loss.
- Difficulty speaking.
- Confusion or inability to understand others.
- Severe unsteadiness.
Causes
Vascular malformations can be affected by hormonal changes during puberty and pregnancy and can result from fluid or blood accumulating in poorly formed veins or lymphatic channels. Vascular malformations may become apparent later in life as blood flow increases through abnormal connections between arteries and veins
Causes
Vascular malformations can be affected by hormonal changes during puberty and pregnancy and can result from fluid or blood accumulating in poorly formed veins or lymphatic channels. Vascular malformations may become apparent later in life as blood flow increases through abnormal connections between arteries and veins
Treatment
Many vascular anomalies are very complex, so we take a collaborative approach to diagnosis and treatment, working with specialists in pediatrics, pediatric orthopedics, plastic surgery, and endovascular surgery. We use magnetic resonance imaging, to pinpoint malformations deep in the body.
The most common techniques are:
- Embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that closes the abnormal blood vessels from the inside using “glues” or particles. Sometimes we need to surgically remove the malformation or treat it with radiosurgery, a type of radiation. In these cases, we start with embolization, to shrink the malformation and reduce the risk of bleeding.
- Laser treatment can be effective for treating superficial venous malformations or the superficial component of a deep lesion. We use lasers that can reduce the bluish discoloration of the lining of the lip and mouth and the skin.
- Surgery can be appropriate alone or after embolization or sclerotherapy. If the condition is extensive, we take only enough tissue to prevent recurrence, but avoid disfigurement.
What is a Vascular Surgery?
Vascular surgery is a dynamic and rapidly expanding specialty that deals with comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic services for patients with diseases and disorders of the arteries, veins, and lymphatics (circulatory system)
Vascular surgeons manage diseases of the veins and arteries in every part of the body except the brain and the heart.
Vascular surgeons are trained in different kinds of procedures
They can perform open, complicated surgery as well as modern minimally invasive endovascular procedures. So they are often known as vascular & endovascular surgeons or vascular specialists. This helps most vascular specialists to give a balanced opinion, unlike other specialists who usually perform only one type of procedure. Therefore, patients can be assured that they will get the best treatment for their particular needs.
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